"Near-zero" emission control of plant pollutants is achievable through innovative technologies. But is the petrochemical industry ready to commit and pursue long-term, environmentally oriented and sustainable policies? A white paper series analyzes the dilemma challenging petrochemical companies in the decision-making for economic growth and sustainability goals. The series investigates the environmental performance quandary from three perspectives: government regulatory agencies, petrochemical operating companies, and environmental controls system technology providers. Specifically, this white paper addresses the challenges faced by operating companies to forge a road map to balancing profitability, environmental performance and sustainability.